Washers

Washers and spring washers are essential components in most machines and mechanical structures, performing vital roles in the operation and safety of their engines and structures. Washers are made from a variety of materials, such as steel, plastic, rubber, and brass, with each offering different properties.

Washers help to protect the surfaces of an assembly from damage or wear and tear; reduce the risk of loosening the assembly due to vibration; provide a gripping force between the parts of an assembly; and evenly distribute a load across its entire surface. Washers are available in a wide range of sizes and shapes, ranging from lock washers, flat washers to conical or oval shapes.

The most common type of washer is the flat washer. Flat washers are made from either metals or plastics and come in two main types: finish and lock. Finish washers are meant to soften the contrasting edges between metallic parts, while lock washers are designed to help secure the screws to the machine parts they're installed in.

Spring washers, also known as wave washers, are specifically designed to absorb shock, resistance levels, and vibration while providing an extra layer of wedge compression under various loads. Spring washers come in two varieties: wave washers and serpentine washers. Wave washers are wave-shaped, while the serpentine washers appear as a helical spiral pattern.

Spring washers are predominantly made from steel and have a variety of sizes and shapes. They come in four varieties: curved spring washers, round wire, helical spring washers, and flat wire. Unlike flat washers which are designed to evenly distribute a load, spring washers use the pressure of their serpentine or curved shape to apply a greater load or force when secure.

Whether it’s a flat washer or a spring washer, the important factor to consider when choosing the best washer is the size and thickness of the material and the required load it must bear. Factors like the strength of the material, the quality of the finish, and the quality of the surface they're meant to protect should also be considered.